SUSTAIN-AI / NATIONAL OVERVIEW

National Overview

EVIDENCE TYPES & SOURCE PERIODS● Official observation◇ Derived indicator◆ Model result△ Decision option · not a measured outcome■ Live external utility○ Evidence not available

OFFICIAL EVIDENCE · TRANSPARENT METHODS

SUSTAIN-AI
Malaysia

Predict tourism pressure before it becomes a sustainability problem.

Research aim · observed domestic demand + annual destination experiment + separate historical gateway model
TAPi, your Malaysian evidence copilot

THE NATIONAL PICTURE · DOSM 2025

Domestic tourism, in context.

Official release ↗
OBSERVEDDOSM · 2025

Domestic visitors

290.1M

Survey visitor counts across Malaysia

EVIDENCE PASSPORT

Domestic visitors

290,064,704
OBSERVED
Period
2025
Transformation / method
Table 1, J11: published thousand visitors × 1,000. Rounded for display.
Model involvement
None. Official observation or explicit arithmetic.
Validation
Extracted from the registered source; units and aggregation checked. This does not constitute causal validation.
Interpretation & limitation
Survey estimates, not unique people. Table 10 covers overnight domestic tourists; Table 9 covers all domestic visitors. No monthly destination seasonality or room capacity is supplied.
Department of Statistics MalaysiaDomestic Tourism Survey 2025 ↗2018–2025 · Tables 1, 9 and 10; TABLE DTS 2025 workbook
Download original DOSM tables ↓
OBSERVEDDOSM · 2025

Domestic expenditure

RM 121.3B

Visitors + visited households

EVIDENCE PASSPORT

Domestic tourism expenditure

RM 121,280,623,042
OBSERVED
Period
2025
Transformation / method
Table 1, J7: RM million × 1,000,000; includes spending by visitors and visited households. Not project-generated income.
Model involvement
None. Official observation or explicit arithmetic.
Validation
Extracted from the registered source; units and aggregation checked. This does not constitute causal validation.
Interpretation & limitation
Survey estimates, not unique people. Table 10 covers overnight domestic tourists; Table 9 covers all domestic visitors. No monthly destination seasonality or room capacity is supplied.
Department of Statistics MalaysiaDomestic Tourism Survey 2025 ↗2018–2025 · Tables 1, 9 and 10; TABLE DTS 2025 workbook
Download original DOSM tables ↓
OBSERVEDDOSM · 2025

Domestic trips

332.2M

A person can make multiple trips

EVIDENCE PASSPORT

Domestic trips

332,215,028
OBSERVED
Period
2025
Transformation / method
Table 1, J13: thousand trips × 1,000.
Model involvement
None. Official observation or explicit arithmetic.
Validation
Extracted from the registered source; units and aggregation checked. This does not constitute causal validation.
Interpretation & limitation
Survey estimates, not unique people. Table 10 covers overnight domestic tourists; Table 9 covers all domestic visitors. No monthly destination seasonality or room capacity is supplied.
Department of Statistics MalaysiaDomestic Tourism Survey 2025 ↗2018–2025 · Tables 1, 9 and 10; TABLE DTS 2025 workbook
Download original DOSM tables ↓
OBSERVEDDOSM · 2025

Average length of stay

2.56

Nights per overnight trip

EVIDENCE PASSPORT

Average length of stay

2.56 nights
OBSERVED
Period
2025
Transformation / method
Table 1, J15; nights as published. Applies to overnight tourism.
Model involvement
None. Official observation or explicit arithmetic.
Validation
Extracted from the registered source; units and aggregation checked. This does not constitute causal validation.
Interpretation & limitation
Survey estimates, not unique people. Table 10 covers overnight domestic tourists; Table 9 covers all domestic visitors. No monthly destination seasonality or room capacity is supplied.
Department of Statistics MalaysiaDomestic Tourism Survey 2025 ↗2018–2025 · Tables 1, 9 and 10; TABLE DTS 2025 workbook
Download original DOSM tables ↓

REGIONAL EVIDENCE · ALL 16 REGIONS

One country. Different demand patterns.

OBSERVEDDOSM · Table 9 · 2025

Johor

18.2M

Domestic visitors in 2025 · DERIVED YoY 6.2% change from 2024

EVIDENCE PASSPORT

Johor · domestic visitors

18,196,973
OBSERVED
Period
2025
Transformation / method
Table 9, I7: thousand visitors × 1,000. Growth = (2025 / 2024 − 1) × 100.
Model involvement
None. Official observation or explicit arithmetic.
Validation
Extracted from the registered source; units and aggregation checked. This does not constitute causal validation.
Interpretation & limitation
Survey estimates, not unique people. Table 10 covers overnight domestic tourists; Table 9 covers all domestic visitors. No monthly destination seasonality or room capacity is supplied.
Department of Statistics MalaysiaDomestic Tourism Survey 2025 ↗2018–2025 · Tables 1, 9 and 10; TABLE DTS 2025 workbook
Download original DOSM tables ↓
2018
13.5M
2019
14.3M
2020
7.2M
2021
3.7M
2022
12.4M
2023
15.8M
2024
17.1M
2025
18.2M

Official survey observations, 2018–2025. Counts do not represent unique people. Annual destination data are distinct from the monthly international gateway model.

SUSTAINABILITY EVIDENCE PROFILE

Four perspectives. Geography comes first.

No mystery sustainability score. Each indicator retains its own population, period and limitation.

Johor
Regional evidence2025 demand indicators and historical environmental context are not merged into a single sustainability rating.
↗

Economy

OBSERVEDDOSM · Johor · 2025
18.2M visitors

Destination demand, not local expenditure or income. State-level tourism value added is not inferred.

EVIDENCE PASSPORT

Johor · domestic visitor demand

18,196,973
OBSERVED
Period
2025
Transformation / method
Table 9, I7. Published thousand visitors × 1,000. A demand observation, not a measurement of local economic benefit.
Model involvement
None. Official observation or explicit arithmetic.
Validation
Extracted from the registered source; units and aggregation checked. This does not constitute causal validation.
Interpretation & limitation
Survey estimates, not unique people. Table 10 covers overnight domestic tourists; Table 9 covers all domestic visitors. No monthly destination seasonality or room capacity is supplied.
Department of Statistics MalaysiaDomestic Tourism Survey 2025 ↗2018–2025 · Tables 1, 9 and 10; TABLE DTS 2025 workbook
Download original DOSM tables ↓
◎

Social

DERIVEDDOSM · Johor · 2025
4.33 / resident

Annual visitor intensity. Resident sentiment, simultaneous crowding and community welfare are not measured by this ratio.

EVIDENCE PASSPORT

Johor · annual visitor intensity

4.33
DERIVED
Period
2025 · region
Transformation / method
18,196,973 annual domestic visitors ÷ 4,204,100 residents.
Model involvement
None. Official observation or explicit arithmetic.
Validation
Extracted from the registered source; units and aggregation checked. This does not constitute causal validation.
Interpretation & limitation
Repeated survey visitor counts, not unique visitors. Not a local harm threshold, occupancy rate or social outcome.
Department of Statistics MalaysiaDomestic Tourism Survey 2025 ↗2018–2025 · Tables 1, 9 and 10; TABLE DTS 2025 workbookDepartment of Statistics MalaysiaPopulation Table: States ↗2025 · sex=both; age=overall; ethnicity=overall
Download original DOSM tables ↓
♧

Environment

OBSERVEDDOSM · Johor · 2021
334,502 ha

Permanent forest reserves · historical context only. Not current forest condition or tourism-caused damage.

EVIDENCE PASSPORT

Johor · permanent forest reserves

334,502 hectares
OBSERVED
Period
2021 · latest connected forest series
Transformation / method
Published state value; zero remains zero. Missing entries remain unavailable. Kept outside the observed 2025 demand-pressure formula.
Model involvement
None. Official observation or explicit arithmetic.
Validation
Extracted from the registered source; units and aggregation checked. This does not constitute causal validation.
Interpretation & limitation
Historical context, not current forest condition, total forest cover, biodiversity or tourism damage. Pre-2017 gazetting definitions differ.
Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia / DOSMPermanent Forest Reserves by State ↗2021 · Latest available state observations; hectares
⌘

Technology & governance

Product capabilityTraceable decisions

Source-linked observations, two separately defined model targets, reproducible comparisons and evidence-linked decision briefs.

Not a measured governance impact score

NATIONAL CONTEXT · NOT A REGIONAL ESTIMATE

Malaysia’s tourism economy · 2024

These nationwide figures do not change when you choose a region. They are never allocated according to visitor shares.

OBSERVEDDOSM · Malaysia total · 2024
RM 291.9B

Gross value added of tourism industries

EVIDENCE PASSPORT

Malaysia · gross value added of tourism industries

RM 291.9B
OBSERVED
Period
2024 · national
Transformation / method
Rounded value from the national TSA release. No distribution to selected regions.
Model involvement
None. Official observation or explicit arithmetic.
Validation
Extracted from the registered source; units and aggregation checked. This does not constitute causal validation.
Interpretation & limitation
Industry aggregates include activity serving non-tourists. These are not site-generated benefits, local income gains or a tourism direct-GDP estimate.
Department of Statistics MalaysiaTourism Satellite Account 2024 ↗2024 · National release: GVATI and employment in tourism industries
OBSERVEDDOSM · Malaysia total · 2024
3.5M people

Employment in tourism industries

EVIDENCE PASSPORT

Malaysia · employment in tourism industries

3.5M people
OBSERVED
Period
2024 · national
Transformation / method
National published aggregate, not tourism jobs in the selected region or jobs created by this project.
Model involvement
None. Official observation or explicit arithmetic.
Validation
Extracted from the registered source; units and aggregation checked. This does not constitute causal validation.
Interpretation & limitation
Industry aggregates include activity serving non-tourists. These are not site-generated benefits, local income gains or a tourism direct-GDP estimate.
Department of Statistics MalaysiaTourism Satellite Account 2024 ↗2024 · National release: GVATI and employment in tourism industries
Compare source periods & measurement gaps
IndicatorGeographyPeriodUseSource
Domestic visitors / populationJohor2025Demand intensity, not welfareDOSM ↗
Tourism industry value / jobsMalaysia total2024National context onlyDOSM TSA ↗
Permanent forest reservesJohor2021Historical regional contextDOSM / Forestry ↗
Non-domestic water consumptionJohor2022All non-domestic users, not tourismDOSM / SPAN ↗

Johor: 536.0 million litres/day in 2022. Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya are reported with Selangor and are not split artificially.

Local spending, employment attributable to tourism, accommodation capacity and resident sentiment require compatible regional evidence. Different years are not treated as same-period measurements, and none of these indicators establishes a tourism-caused environmental effect.

RESEARCH → DECISION

How can official statistics help anticipate demand and support more sustainable tourism decisions?

DataDomestic survey + population + gateway time series

MethodTransparent indicators + five-model comparison

ValidationTemporal folds + baseline + interval coverage

DecisionInspect concentration + define evidence-backed next steps

Observed evidence, derived indicators, model results and proposed investigations remain separately labelled.

FOR TRAVELLERS

Turn an informed decision into a journey.

Routes, hotels, restaurants, weather and safety remain together in travel tools.